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Soybean growth in farm with green leaf background.
Cristie Preston, Ph.D.

First off, the criteria for a nutrient to be “essential” means all the following are true:

  • Plant cannot complete basic functions or complete its life cycle without that nutrient.
  • A deficiency can be corrected only by the application of that specific nutrient and not substituted by another.
  • The nutrient plays a direct role in the plant’s metabolism.

The 17 essential nutrients are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and nickel. Some of these nutrients are supplied by soil, water and air – while others need to be supplemented with the use of fertilizer. There are other nutrients that can be beneficial in specific crops, but they are currently not listed as “essential”.

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